Ethic and Moral of Euthanasia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2186 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Euthanasia Essay Did you like this example? Ethics and morals are basis of actions which are related to humans. Although many people believe that the two are interchangeable, this is not the case. Ethics is based on logic and reasoning, while morality is based on tradition, customs, and religion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethic and Moral of Euthanasia" essay for you Create order While morality differs among different groups of people, ethics is universal. Every individual has their own beliefs, and morals which are based on those beliefs. Ethics cannot be open to opinion, as it is based on logic and science. In the same sense, bioethics cannot be considered the same as bio-morality. Bioethics, is the study of controversial ethical issues usually arising from new situations and possibilities brought about by advances in biology and medicine. Most ethical questions relating to life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law and philosophy. Imagine a family member, friend or even yourself in the hospital paralyzed or suffering to the point where you’re in a critical condition. How much pain would you accept for the chance of a few extra weeks? And how would you use the time left if you knew that no such chance remained? It’s hard to live in a world where you always have to rely on someone else to take care of you for the rest of your life. Majority would eventually feel like it’s better to die rather than not being able to even move a finger and constantly cry and suffer from mental and physical pain. The subject of Euthanasia is a warmed fight, in which lines have been drawn between warring social, religious and political gatherings. Many people want this controversial institution erased from lawful medicine, yet others say that we ought to have the capacity to pick our destinies in extreme cases. Both the administrators of neither the nation nor the general population have been able to find a solution to this debate without causing an intense opposition. Euthanasia derives from the Greek word â€Å"ethanoates† meaning â€Å"good death†, is the practice of assisted suicide with the intention of relieving pain and suffering. There are two different types of euthanasia, voluntary euthanasia which is everything is conducted with a consent. Involuntary euthanasia is when it is conducted without any consent. For example, the decision will be made by someone else due to the patient not being able to make its own decisions. I believe an action based ethical approach should be sought when determining whether euthanasia is just. Clyde Haberman presents many cons to euthanasia in the article Stigma Around Physician-Assisted Dying Lingers, one of them being â€Å"patients feel like they don’t want to trouble or over burden their families anymore which is why they would want to call it quits, the poor and uninsured will have their lives cut short due to lack of money or the medication might be prescribed for the mentally incompetent or doctors might be moving too fast to bring an end to those going through depression. â€Å"†We should address what would give them purpose, not give them a handful of pills,†Ã¢â‚¬  (Emanuel 1). But Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel view doesn’t know the pain and suffering a patient has to go through! One who argues that assisted dying should be permitted is a person who believes in dying with dignity. It is also stated that those who want euthanasia tend to be relatively well off and well educated about what they are doing. Euthanasia evidently only has one end, death. However, it has two ways of being performed; one by the doctor administering a fatal dose of drug to the patient on their request and in assisted suicide, the doctor supplies the lethal drug, but the patient administers it. Immanuel Kant is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His theory of ethics was deontological for several different reasons. Kant argues that to act in the morally right way one must act purely, the highest good must be both good in itself and good without qualification. This is something that is highly argued in euthanasia, if patients were given better care and spoken to in a clearer manner there would be fewer ill people wanting to terminate their lives. Often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes, when doctors claim to do everything possible as they have been trained to, without talking through people’s preferences of ensuring that the prog nosis is clearly understood. For instance, a third of American patients with terminal cancer are asked about their goals at the end of life, whether they wish to attend a special event, even if it means leaving the hospital and risking an earlier death. Most oncologists admit that they have never been taught how to speak to a dying patient. If I was in the patients shoes, an ill patient and constantly being reminded about my near death and pain I wouldn’t see the point in living my last few days or months on a hospital bed being a burden to everyone else. In my opinion, this is a good approach to making a decision when it comes to settling the controversy of euthanasia. Most doctors enter medicine to help people slow down the process death, not to talk about how to avoid it. When it comes to mortality, people will always feel dread contemplating. Death has been hidden away in hospitals and nursing homes and has become harder to talk about. Politicians are scared to bring up end of life care just in case t hey are accused of setting up death panels. But honest and open conversations with the dying should be a part of modern medicine. A better death means a better life. Kant once stated, it is not the consequences of actions that make them right or wrong but the motives of the person who carries out the action. This could be disagreed upon with the case of â€Å"Dr. Death†. This man was a euthanasia proponent and created a suicide machine. There was a button connected to fatal dose of potassium chloride and all the ill patients had to do was press the button and end their lives. Dr. Death had good motives since he didn’t want patients to suffer but the question arises if it is ethical to just create a machine and let people kill themselves? Individuals that have encountered long excruciating passing’s feel that euthanasia is a good thing. When you watch someone lay in bed in agonizing pain everyday you can only hope for death to come soon. Why must someone suffer because the government or society says that it is morally wrong? Can they snap their fingers and return time to when all was well? Marcia Angell the writer of May Doctors Help You to Die? is for legalizing euthanasia. She claims there are many cases where prolonging the death of a person is harmful. Marcia contrasts voluntary euthanasia and states that â€Å"voluntary euthanasia is often the most humane of these options because it allows a doctor, at the patient’s request, to administer a fast painless death†. Other doctors and philosophers also think that euthanasia should be legalized. In her peer reviewed journal Philosopher Assisted suicide and Euthanasia written by Ann Arbor states that â€Å"many doctors and philosophers have opposin g views on the issue and may seem uncomfortable with legal euthanasia and assisted suicide but the choice is starting to look inevitable during present time of day†. (1-2) Many arguments that oppose euthanasia are based on the belief that a patient’s life should be preserved due to the possibility of their recovery. However, in the article Majority of Dutch Docs would Euthanize Dementia Patients by Donna B. Smith a Dutch survey conducted in 1991 shows that 86% of Euthanasia cases only shortened the life of the patient by a maximum of 1 week. â€Å"The standard time it shortened their life was by a few hours only†(1) This shows that terminal illness is statistically terminal. Also the fact that in the majority of these cases, the patients were in extreme agony, the numbers show you that terminally ill patients are using euthanasia to end the suffering where they would have had near impossible chances of recovery. An opponent of euthanasia would however say the patient might have a chance to survive and make a miraculous recovery. It is because the numbers are so heavily indicative of euthanasia as an out for terminally ill patients in terrible agony that it must be allowed as an option to end their suffering. One of the big arguments against euthanasia is that it’s irreversible: Once the patient is gone, we’ll never know if their unexpected recovery was just around the corner, or if they might have gone on to lead full and happy lives despite their illness. However, this argument ignores the data so hard it basically punches reason in the face. The fact is, in all nations where euthanasia is legal; it’s for the terminally ill. And, despite what miracles and daytime dramas would have us believe, terminal illness is usually exactly that: the final stop before death. In Australia the public opinion also supports euthanasia being legalized, it is around seventy-five percent of the populace in Australia that are in favor of doctors giving or practicing euthanasia if requested by a terminally ill patient who is experiencing unbelievable suffering. The article, Suffering and Euthanasia: a qualitative study of patients perspectives also written by Ann Arbor is based on the responses to the Morgan Poll question: â€Å"If a hopelessly ill patient, experiencing suffering with absolutely no chance of recovery, asks for a lethal dose, so as not to wake again, should the doctor be able to give the lethal dose? in 1962 only 47% said â€Å"yes† and in 1995 78% responded â€Å"yes†. Now only 18% say â€Å"no† while the other 8% is undecided. From this survey the general population have expressed that in a few circumstances voluntary euthanasia should be practiced. Patients with illnesses like cancer should be allowed to choose their season of death. â€Å"Cancer is the most common cause of death in Australia, accounting for more than a quarter of all deaths.† (Arbor) There is major pain associated with cancer and it is a severe and intractable form of chronic pain. Patients with advanced cancers often experience multiple symptoms like fatigue, weakness, mental haziness, anxiety and nausea. Many of these symptoms cannot be eliminated and may affect the function of well-being. This can cause a major source of distress to the terminally ill as well as cause extremely unpleasant symptoms, which is rough in the terminal stage. This is where euthanasia would be able to step in and with the request from the patient. There are many cases, for which euthanasia should be legalized due to the fact that it is better for the person to die sooner than go through a traumatizing experience and have a painful death. In the article, French Woman’s Euthanasia Request Denied by Christophe Scpolaiansky speaks about a 53-year-old woman named Chantel Sà ©bire who lived in Plombieresles-Dijon, near Dijon, France. In 2000, she was diagnosed with Esthesioneuroblastoma, a rare form of cancer of which only 1000 cases have been reported in the past 20 years. â€Å"As time progressed, the cancer burrowed through her sinuses, nasal cavities, and eye socket, leaving her face severely disfigured. She also lost her senses of sight, taste, and smell and suffered severe pain that she refused to relieve with morphine due to its side effects.† (Scpolaiansky) Sà ©bire first gained recognition in February 2008 when she made a public appeal to the French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, to allow her to die through euthanasia, stating, One would not allow an animal to go through what I have endured. (Sebire) On March 17, 2008, she lost her case in a French court, with the magistrate noting that while French law does allow for the removal of life-support equipment for terminally ill patients, it does not allow a doctor to take action to end a patients life. Euthanasia is quite a controversial topic. People have both opposed and favored assisted suicide for patients who are terminally ill which have raised many questions around the world. However, it seems that an action based ethical approach addresses the concern better, although both teleological and deontological approaches differ, they also go hand in hand. Deontological approach has more short-term results whereas teleological is far more long term. In the case of euthanasia deontological approach is used to determine what is best for â€Å"all† since it is the health care industry and the teleological approach is used clarify that physicians need to speak clearer to patients to both have the same understanding as well as give better palliative care since studies show high success rates. There is no doubt that people will still argue over the rights and wrongs of euthanasia even then, but it is still best to make sure the patient is in the best facility and health environment they could be in during there last moments to live. Therefore, I believe euthanasia should be illegal due to other resources being available to keep the patient in comfort and living longer.

Art Therapy And Graphic Design - 1617 Words

â€Å"We should all be concerned about the future because we will have to spend the rest of our lives there† (Kettering, qtd. in Quote Garden). How do we know what we want to do in our future? Having to decide the rest of life in only four years is a daunting and overwhelming task, but critically looking at possible future options can minimize this seemingly mammoth task. This is what I’m doing. Although I’m not positive about a future career, both art therapy and graphic design are appealing and possible options for me, but which is the better? Art therapy is just what it sounds like, art combined with therapy. When stated like this it sounds easy and simple, however it is a quite complex and intricate occupation; like a professor trying to solve a complex equation, where the professor is the art therapist and he or she is trying to solve the problem the student is having. Specifically, an art therapist’s goal is to increase â€Å"self esteem, physical health and mental well-being† (Art Therapist Education Requirements and Career Information.) and to gain insight about the individual by using the clients artwork as a pathway to the real problem. They do this by utilizing unique methods relating to artistic aspects. For example, a client who attends art therapy might use drawing, coloring, painting, sculpting or other artistic mediums (Art Therapist Education Requirements and Career Information.). Through this therapists hope to help patients gain motivation in lifeShow MoreRelatedI Choose Maus by Art Spi egleman785 Words   |  3 PagesI chose Maus by Art Spiegleman. To be honest, I learned about the book from a television show, Comic Book Men. They were talking about a graphic novel that won the Pulitzer. That peaked my interest, so I decided to research the topic of the book. When I discovered that it was an autobiography about a complex relationship between a father and son, I firmly wanted to read it. The son learning of his father’s story of the holocaust was his way of to understand himself and his heritage and the journeyRead MoreNew Technology Has Affected Traditional Graphic Design851 Words   |  4 Pagestraditional Graphic Design During the past years, graphic design has been changing all over the world, especially regarding the use of certain techniques of designing. Traditional principles and techniques of design allow designers to be more creative, but more and more designers are using computers. So, is new technology good or bad? It may seem strange to consider the different aspects of graphic design because most people only know the technological side. 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Poem Interpretation Free Essays

string(128) " are all a reflection of his actions but it can also be that he is putting on a challenge for the rest of the people to follow\." The poems of Robert Frost reflect a journey, his own personal journey. But more than that, it describes a period of American exploration. â€Å"Desert Places, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening and The Road Not Taken† reveals the poet’s thoughts about the occurrence of changes during his time. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Interpretation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a revolutionary period for the United States. The Industrial Development is underway, and it fuels a new age in American History. A country is on its way towards progress, and so is Robert Frost’s claim in the literary circle. IN A CAPSULE There is an emotional attachment found in the poem, â€Å"Desert Places. † It may describe a situation out in the cold but inner feelings become a far-reaching instrument on what the poet thinks about things. The portrayal of loneliness is best described in a deserted place on a dark and snowy evening. Treading the road alone brings a heavy feeling. No one is on sight but there is much to overcome. The inner will is far difficult to tame than the elements along the way. Mr. Frost points out that the actions to deal with certain situations are up to the individual. While there are external factors and influences to consider, what keeps the event in check remains a personal decision. The poet exemplifies a brave stand to never succumb to outside inhibitions while at the same time controlling his inner fear. In â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,† Robert Frost brings his loneliness into the scene. He is deep in the woods but the snow is still there. His horse is there to keep him company. The place is dark alright, maybe darker than what is seen in the â€Å"Desert Places,† but fear to move onwards has been controlled. â€Å"Lovely woods† is a great description for keeping things in control. But what makes the poem different is that, it is about pursuing dreams and keeping promises. The individual doesn’t stop for anything. His travel continues. His appreciation for what he sees in the woods may have been inspired by the dreams and promises. With those things in mind, he just keeps going and going if only to bring some truth to what he needs to achieve. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a piece about choosing sides. It is about options. The poet may have been crossing different paths during his time that he shares his views on what road to take. Robert Frost may have recalled a fateful decision that he made in the past which had a profound impact on his later life. One important note that the poem emphasizes is staying true to something that has already been decided. There are no explanations to consider. Only a statement rings true that taking a side has brought a positive outcome. The poem goes straight to the context of hitting the mark. There are no complaints and no explanations are necessary to back up the road earlier chosen. EVOKING IMAGES A shadow of doubt is cast initially among the three poems. It reveals how human Mr. Frost is to harbor hesitant and uncertain feelings. He goes on to describe the difficulties of finding dreams and making things happen. The literary pieces evokes feelings of being lost in the storm and managing to locate the right track and come out of it all, not necessarily unscathed, but nevertheless victorious. Perhaps people can sympathize what all three poems depict. There is a sense of urgency to do things. A variety of feelings will lead an individual to the unpredictable and the unspeakable. But it is the inner conviction that wins it in the end. A determination withstanding the faces of hardship and difficulty as portrayed by the falling snow and the dark nights will be the vital factor to turning things around. Emotions frequent the poems of Robert Frost. Individuals share in the experience of braving the odds and gaining victory against adversity. People’s inner selves vary but all feel the same way. It is how a person responds to the challenges and the tides of the times that make his life worthy. The poems are timeless, and can be a source of inspiration for generations to come. But it is up to the reading public how they interpret Mr. Frost’s words. Literary masterpieces such as the three poems have a whole lot of meaning to consider. It is as deep as many other pieces can be. It is what makes people human. And it is what keeps the poet man as well. The words itself can bring forth fire and fury. Everyone is on familiar ground. Mr. Frost fuels that desire to conquer and achieve things beyond people’s dreams. This is what binds individuals together. Goals are shared. It is inspiring to address the powerful and brilliant message that the poet instills in the minds of the willing literary enthusiasts. Fear is still felt by the individual. Mr. Frost points that out in the â€Å"Desert Places. † The line which states that â€Å"They cannot scare me with their empty spaces,† evokes a sentiment of being afraid. It is a common feeling. But the biggest difference among readers and followers is how to manage or react to that type of situation. Even the horse in the â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† wondered about the individual’s doubtful and untrusting attitude towards adversity. Numerous challenges are everywhere. It can be devastating all of a sudden but making dreams come true can be worthwhile. REPRESENTING THE WORLD Most masterpieces inspire people. A poet reveals his thoughts and feelings to many for the purpose of helping others cope up with situations. It is more than poetry. There is nothing more frightful than being stalked out of one’s goals. It all begins with the road. Hardships come and unveil the true character of the individual. Robert Frost seems to be putting the words into his mouth. It can be that his poems are all a reflection of his actions but it can also be that he is putting on a challenge for the rest of the people to follow. You read "Poem Interpretation" in category "Papers" He is merely showing the way, showing his emotions to be used as the basis for everybody to look into and get motivated. It is Mr. Frost who gets to speak in his poems but in reality, he is representing each and everyone. People share common dreams. People feel the same fear. The same difficulties lie ahead. The same situations present itself in everyday life. The only denominator is the approach an individual makes while undergoing the various scenes that the poet has depicted for the rest of the people. His marvelous words are written for everybody. If there is a thing in this world that needs changing, it is solely the character of man. People have to be reminded every now and then about certain ideas and information which regards to daily living. Almost always, life is being taken for granted. Robert Frost’s words are just in time to voice essential lessons repeatedly into the minds of many individuals. While his poems are written in the past, the values contained on it are as valuable today as it has been yesterday. One thing worth taking note among Mr. Frost’s poems is the way his masterpieces are told doesn’t complicate things further. It may not bring forth the light of enlightenment but at least it puts a sense of purpose to everything it says. The titles of the poems possess a degree of hiding the content a bit. â€Å"Desert Places† marks that inner fear inside most individuals. But until reading those words until the last stanza, the reader will wonder what Mr. Frost is up to in the first place. Literally, many people will think that the title may correspond to some scenery in the Middle East. But it is not. The reading public must therefore think in order for the poet’s words to sink in. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† keeps people which path the poet choose. His idea of bringing the main thought of the poem is to reverse things a little to allow thinking. There is a twist but never to a level of great difficulty. Mr. Frost has taken the less traveled road which leaves many wondering what happened to the other path. In â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,† the poet again is diverting the attention from the true focus of the lines. Perhaps many are waiting for his story about the reason why he stopped during a snowy situation. But the answer to that may have led the readers to Mr. Frost’s effort to keep going in order to make his promise a reality. Poems may be a mind-twister. But it allows individuals to look deeper. There are details that lead some lines astray. However, it is meant to be as it is just to make the poem a remarkable journey and adventure. SYMBOLISM The three poems are written as narratives. Perhaps based as personal experiences of the poet, a story from each is learned. But always, Robert Frost is hiding something in between the lines. It is not necessarily on purpose, however, there is a need for the reader to uncover some contents of the poem which allows a greater understanding of the piece in its entirety. There are thoughts in between the lines which can be interpreted as mere distractions. The truth is, the ideas are supporting the content of the main thought. There is a real meaning behind most words in the poems of Mr. Frost. Loneliness must never be taken as it is, literally, that is. It can be an emotion of someone craving for attention. It can be a personal journey. It can even be finding oneself in the process. There is whole lot of meaning to the words in between the lines. The familiarity of the poems can be attributed not merely that all are written by the same poet. Robert Frost presents an approach which an individual can relate to in real life. By being in the middle of a snowy night, anybody can put himself on that situation. By being along and driven cold, most individuals press on to achieve their goals. The poems of Mr. Frost are founded on simple yet understandable narrative which presents a scene for readers to follow. It can be that the readers are themselves the heroes in their very own situations. Overcoming difficult situations are present in the â€Å"Desert Places† where the poet not minding the danger presented by the snowy night in the woods continues on with his trip to somewhere. A similar scene is depicted in the â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† where the individual plunges on no matter what. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† tackles two paths along the way. Still the difficulty of choosing and going ahead with the decision is clearly seen and observed. Robert Frost’s poems uncover scenes of overcoming adversity. It is a symbol of what America stands for, a country on its way to prosperity and development. For always, the room for improvement is being acknowledged in this country. America is a work in progress. The Industrial Revolution during the 18th and 19th Century propels the United States to its seat as a world leader and superpower. With a mixture of different cultures, it continues to thrive amidst the pressures coming from numerous differences among the races within its domain. America is constantly innovating and developing. Robert Frost portrays the need to pursue dreams and turn them into reality. When a person comes to America, his ideals become a symbol of what the poet says. Everybody who goes to the United States is looking for something bigger. That someone is making the best of everything to live a comfortable life. Along the journey towards progress await the hardships and difficulties of making it big. During the Industrial Revolution, people rush out and risk doing things to reach the American dream. It is the age of inventions. Industries are revolutionized, and lives will never be the same again. That progress continues until today. And it continues to inspire through the words of Robert Frost. In search for a better life, immigrants are knocking on the American doors annually. While new to this country, visiting citizens blend well with their counterparts in doing things no matter how hard they are. To achieve dreams, taking risks mean everything. Mr. Frost points to hard work as the vital factor in pursuing goals and objectives. Roles and responsibilities must play its part to build dreams a reality. The poet is on hand to guide the rest of America into staking their claim for a place in the United States of America. CONCLUSION The deep woods and the falling snowy are very much a part of American culture. Simply said, the way these things are describe in the three poems reflects Robert Frost’s upbringing. He walks through the woods on a snowy night just like any American. How heavy and hard it is to trek the roads ahead make no difference at all as long as the individual marches on in search for his place in a progressive world, one which America and Mr. Frost represents. BIBLIOGRAPHY Collection of Robert Frost’s Poems Retrieved September 13, 2007 from http://www. everypoet. com/Archive/poetry/Robert_Frost/robert_frost_stopping_by_woods_on_a_snowy_evening. htm Poems of Robert Frost Retrieved September 13, 2007 from http://www. poemhunter. com/poem/desert-places/ Poems by Robert Frost Retrieved September 13, 2007 from http://www. internal. org/list_poems. phtml? authorID=7 How to cite Poem Interpretation, Papers

Sponsorship In The Marketing Communications -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sponsorship In The Marketing Communications? Answer: Introducation 7-Eleven is an American-Japanese convenience store located in Texas and Chiyoda. The company was established up in 1927 under the name of Totem Stores. Currently, 7-eleven has over 56,000 stores spread across 18 countries all over the world. It also has over 45,000 employees working for the betterment of the company. The company manufactures and sells products that include various types of beverages, prepared foods and gasoline. Due to the sale of these items, the company gain an added advantage over its competitors (7-eleven.com, 2018). Country and Market 7-Eleven is spread across all 18 different international countries. However, the main countries in which it conducts its business are the United States and Japan. The market of the United States comprise of a mixed economic system that consists of both free markets and planned control of the economy. The market in Japan focuses more the industrialisation of services. In terms of manufacturing, Japan is considered as the best country in the global market. Hence, these contrasting type exits in the market of both countries. International opportunities The international opportunity of the company is through the marketing development. This is done by increasing the number of stores. It has already been established that 7-Eleven has set up stores in 18 different countries. However, more expansion can be undertaken by creating marketing opportunities in other developing counties in the world. This can help the store to understand the diversity that exists within the people of other nations. According to Papadopoulos and Heslop (2014), it is necessary for the company to conduct a proper environmental analysis before investing in the country. Research and Sources of Evidence To identify a target market it is essential that managers of a company conduct a proper market research of the country. 7-Eleven need to identify the working capital that is required for its growth in the international market. The support required for storing inventory and the overall resource planning that is required needs to be researched. Evidence of these factors can be obtained by following the market, journals and website information. Assumptions and Limitations 7-Eleven need to assume that the store can gain success in the international market by mitigating all the potential threats. However, the limitation that the store may suffer is the cross-cultural marketing research technique (De Mooij 2015). Adjustments need to be made so that the profitability is maintained and the company can look to be the biggest retail chain in the country. This can provide 7-Eleven with an opportunity to continue its production line and expand into other regions of South Asia. Country The country that the company can target is India. This is because India is a country of diverse people. Hence, the company can manufacture and sell items that are of diverse nature and gain the trust of the customers. Entering into the Indian market economy is not a threat to foreign companies as a business in India is always welcomed. The market structure follows all type of marketing strategies that provide more opportunities for success. Target market As stated by Armstrong et al. (2015), target market helps an organisation to remain precise of the type of customers and the products it needs to manufacture. In the case of India, the target market of 7-Eleven can be the younger generation that aware of the use of technology and take considerable interests in the activities of a supermarket. However, it is required that 7-Eleven elevate their online marketing strategy before targeting the younger generation of the country. GO international decisions and definition of International Marketing According to Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes (2015), international marketing is a simple way to achieve profit by satisfying customers. This implies that the marketing managers of every company need to comply with the satisfaction of the customers by focusing on their needs and value. GO international decision is originated from within an organisation. Most of the times, however, it originates with the motivation that is provided by customers. Sometimes the corporate mission of a company drives the objective of GO international decisions. However, an audit can be done of 7-Eleven that can help in understanding its position. Strength Proper location Equity in brand Weakness Expensive rental cost Expensive labour payment Opportunity Market development Too many products Threat Competitors Availability of online shopping Table: SWOT analysis of 7-Eleven (Source: Created by author) Political Risk The political scenario in India is unstable and because of this, organisations may suffer a huge loss. The change in political figures may hamper the work progress as the parties may demand a cessation of work and bribes for allowing its continuity (Henisz and Zelner 2013). It has been seen that during the election system in India, organisations suffer more loss as people remain occupied in casting their rights for the benefit of the country. Hence, this is can be a huge loss for 7-Eleven after its expansion. Market Risk In India, one of the biggest market risks that a company may face is the fluctuating economy (Mathews et al. 2016). It is seen that the inflation rate of the country is high. This can create huge problems for the people of the country shy away from investing in products. The rate of conversion of currency in the country takes time, as legal documents need to be verified and re-checked by the Government before making it legal. Operational Risk Operational risk can occur due to the losses incurred by an organisation and the failure it had on building up a good business structure. The losses that have been incurred may result from internal as well as external factors (Fantazzini, Dalla Valle and Giudici 2018). In this regard, it can be said that in India, 7-Eleven may have to deal with losses incurred due to the continuous change in political as well as legal factors of the country. Organisations need to change the method of work each time these factors are changed. Ownership Risk According to Schmid, Grosche and Mayrhofer (2016), ownership risk can be considered as an event that may cause hindrance to a company for earning any investment projects. Such hindrance can come from the Government of a country, as many debates and considerations need to be taken into account before undertaking a project. In a country like India, the interference of the Government in organisational activities makes it a challenging factor for any company to continue its investment in a project. However, with proper negotiation it such risks can be mitigated. Financial Risk The financial risk includes the loss of money if a company has a huge number of debts (Dooley 2018). During expansion into a foreign country like India, 7-Eleven may expose the company to such a risk, as they may need to borrow a certain sum of money for the successful expansion of business. Hence, it is important to have proper financial backup particularly with the aim to expand into international market. Figure 1: Risk factors (Source: Created by author) Profit Advantage According to Koh and Wong (2015), the profit of a company helps it to continue its production in the market and expand its reputation. With sufficient profit earned, 7-Eleven can indulge in the innovation of products and satisfy the need of the employees. Employees can be provided with extra incentives because of the profit that has been earned by the company. Hence, earning profit need to be the ultimate goal for 7-Eleven to make successful progress in the Indian market. Unique Product The uniqueness of a product is always an advantage for a company as it helps in gaining a competitive advantage over the rivals. In India, 7-Eleven can introduce new products that can attract the Indian customers to purchase the products for the benefit of the company. The new product that can be introduced is a non-alcoholic drink that does not harm the health of the people. However, it needs to be kept in mind that other companies do not replicate the method used for making the product unique. This can lead to loss of competitive advantage for the company. Emerging Demand The demand for a product depends upon certain factors such as lifespan and the uniqueness that an item sold provides (Cavusgil et al. 2014). The monotonous nature of a product also contributes to its demand as people expect uniqueness in every product. The target market of 7-Eleven in India expects products that are unique in nature and provides an opportunity to remain loyal towards it. Hence, the demand for the products may decline if 7-Eleven does not incorporate new things for the satisfaction of the target market in the country. Excess Capacity The excess capacity of an organisation can be a huge disadvantage as companies may find it difficult to manage the stores (Bloom and Milkovich 2018). This one disadvantage is faced by 7-Eleven owing to the vast amount of stores that it possesses. However, since India is a vast country it is essential for 7-Eleven to maintain excess capacity so that the products can be manufactured easily on demand. This can help the company to maintain the objective that is set out once an organisation decides to indulge in international marketing. Encouraging Entrance Entering into new markets in a country is often encouraged by the Government of a country. However, it is to be seen that proper and legal considerations are kept in mind before allowing companies to establish itself in the country (Petersen, Kushwaha and Kumar 2015). In the case of 7-Eleven, the company can be encouraged to enter the market as it can help in the increase of the economic condition of India. Subsequently, the company can encourage employees to seek employment in the sectors. Strategic Control Strategic control refers to the process preferred by organisations to control the formulation of strategies. The employees involved in making strategies control the execution of strategies in haste. This is done by analysing the marketing situations and ensuring that the strategies are applied after careful consideration of the business factors. 7-Eleven need to control the execution of its strategies as the Indian economy can be unpredictable and can lead to severe problems for the company. Operational Control Larsen, Smith and Rosenbloom (2015) stated that operational control is required in order to ensure that the daily activities of an organisation are aligned with the target objectives and plans. This can help an organisation to identify any flaws in the management and ensure that necessary actions are taken for improving the conditions. 7-Eleven need to ensure that the company in India can motivate employees and educate them about the strategic and sustainable use and allocation of the resources of the organisation. This can help the company to remain focused on the purpose of expansion into the country. Marketing Control Marketing control is the manner in which the proposed marketing plans are monitored and controlled. Adjustments are made to the areas that required changes after the analysis of the market. It has been seen that objective and control co-exist simultaneously and helps in the formation of routes that can help an organisation to make effective strategic decisions. In the case of 7-Eleven, the company need to execute such marketing control policies so that the market of India can be analysed properly. Quality Control This refers to viewing the quality of all the factors that exist in the line of production. It is the duty of the managers to ensure that the qualities of products that are manufactured are consistent (Keegan and Green 2015). This can help in reducing criticism and satisfy the customers. 7-Eleven need to maintain the quality of products that it sold in the other markets to gain the loyalty of the customers. The qualities have to be excellent along with proper quantity and price to attract the attention of the local customers and gain an advantage in the Indian market. Financial Control The financial control of an organisation aims to achieve the desired return on investments. This can help an organisation to manage the finance by reducing the amount of bribes that are provided and other unnecessary investments in the business (Russo and Fouts 2017). This can be done by the use of financial statements such as budgets, operating ratios and other financial tools such as import and export factors. For 7-Eleven, it is another important factor to be considered in India as getting legal documents from the country requires costly procedures. Level of Involvement The level of involvement in the international market depends upon the business a country has in the cross-cultural business (Baker and Saren 2016). The level of involvement can be experimental as well as a policy decision. Either way, it may help an organisation to assess the external business environment of a country. Similarly, 7-Eleven can be involved in the market of India by analysing the profit level it can incur in the market. Hence, it can be recommended that 7-Eleven can secure a low level of involvement initially to analyse the success factors that can be attained. International Marketing Communication and decisions International Marketing Communication (IMC) outlines the essential elements that are required in the marketing framework. The vision, mission and objectives of a company drive the decisions that lead to the incorporation of the marketing mix strategies. According to Samaha, Beck and Palmatier (2014), the target market, segmentation and positioning of an organisation needs to be carefully addressed for the purpose of adapting locally and gaining competitiveness. A cross-reference needs to be made to confirm the points made after the initial analysis. IMC- International Marketing Communication process To ensure that 7-Eleven gain proper recognition in the market, it is necessary that the company set up target audience. This target audience needs to be the younger generation of the country that are involved in purchasing the products sold by 7-Eleven. This can help the company to maintain its competitiveness and ensure that the company can gain an advantage over the local markets that are established in the region of business. Determine communication objectives A communication objectives need to be similar to the marketing objectives of a company (Chen and Xie 2018). It needs to take into consideration the various factors that need to be analysed before setting up any marketing strategies. In this regard, it can be said that the communication objectives need to address the objectives of the company as well. For 7-Eleven, the marketing objective can be to increase profit by ensuring that proper advertising of the company is done in the Indian market. Establish the promotion budget In order to ensure that proper marketing is done, companies need to promote its products to the people. This can help in creating awareness among the customers and gain their attention towards the company (Narver and Slater 2014). However, it is important to consider the finances of the company before investing on the promotional activities. In the case of 7-Eleven, the promotional budget that the company can spend is about $130,000 that includes promotion via advertisement via television and endorsing a product placement policy. Decide on the promotion mix The promotion mix that needs to be undertaken will depend upon the budget of an organisation (Meenaghan 2017). Every organisation need to frame an annual budget keeping in mind the promotion technique that is being used. Hence, the promotion mix that can be adopted by 7-Eleven is the use of social networking sites and the advertisement of products using television and newspaper. This can help in reaching a greater number of audiences, as people of all generation are engulfed in watching television shows in India. Measure promotional results According to Baloi and Price (2013), the promotion of products is done by using various sources within the budget limit of a company. However, it is necessary that a proper promotional channel be selected so that it can be used to reach out to the customers regularly. In the case of 7-Eleven, the company need to estimate the finances required for the promotion of the products so that they can identify the proper method. The results obtained from the use of the promotional technique can be assessed by the amount of sales that a product encounters. Hence, this is another factor that needs to be considered before choosing a promotional method. Benefits of IMC process IMC can help in boosting the sales and consequently can contribute in building up the profit of an organisation. It helps in saving money, time and stress. According to Baker, Hozier Jr and Rogers (2017), the process involved in IMC provides comprehensive yet detailed steps that need to be followed so that the effectiveness of an organisation may increase. The implementation of pull and push strategies adopted in the process can help in satisfying customers by providing the type of product that they want. Conclusion The report can be used to convey knowledge about the importance of conducting an environmental analysis before expanding in international markets. The importance of the analysis is that it helps managers to prepare an organisation in a way that is guaranteed to bring about success. International Marketing Communication can help in identifying the essential elements required for marketing and provide organisations with an opportunity to exist in the market. Key findings To survive in a place like India, 7-Eleven need to provide unique products to the customers. The products need to be of good quality. Apart from this, the company need to abstain from undertaking unnecessary financial ventures that can be problematic for the company in the future. Advice intelligence and insights The external analysis helps in gaining an insight into the Indian market and the intelligence highlights the nature of the Indian market. The insights obtained from the analysis of the marketing environment can help 7-Eleven to cope up with the challenges that they may face in foreign countries after expansion. Relevant implications The implication of the International Marketing Communication can be relevant to the implication of marketing mix for the success of an organisation. The external environment also warrants the analysis of the marketing factors that are required for gaining a competitive advantage. 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